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Classical mechanics describes the forces that affect the state and movement of physical bodies. It is often referred to as "Newtonian mechanics" after Isaac Newton and his laws of motion. Classical mechanics branch out into; The science of static or "static", which describes the bodies at rest and the conditions of their equilibrium, the science of kinematics or "kinematics" which is concerned with describing the movement of objects without looking at their causes, and the science of kinematics or "dynamics" that studies the movement of bodies and what are the forces that cause them. Classical mechanics is based primarily on the assumption that the physical object to be studied is solid and in point form (that is, the dimensions between the points that make up the object do not change with time). On the other hand, continuity mechanics describes the continuous and continuous matter such as solid, liquid and gas bodies, which in turn is divided into two parts: Solids Mechanics and Fluid Mechanics. Solids mechanics studies the behavior of these bodies against many factors such as pressure, temperature change and vibration. While it studies the physical mechanics of liquids and gases, it deals with many topics, including the balance of fluids in hydrostatics, their flow in hydrodynamics, the movement and spread of gases, as well as their effect on surfaces and moving objects in aerodynamics.
Classical mechanics gives us numerical results and predictions with high accuracy, consistent with the observation, in proportion to systems of normal dimensions and within a range of speeds far below the speed of light. As for when the objects under study are elementary particles or that their speed is high, close to the speed of light, then classical mechanics, respectively, replace quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics. Nevertheless, classical mechanics find scope for its application in describing the behavior of minute systems. For example, in the kinetic theory of gases and gas pressure, the laws governing the movement of bodies of normal size apply to the particles that make up gases, which enables the inference of macroscopic properties such as temperature, pressure, and volume. And in systems of high complexity where small changes can produce large effects (such as the atmosphere or the three-body matter) the ability of the equations of classical mechanics to predict is limited. These systems, which are described as nonlinear, are concerned with the theory of chaos. The laws of classical mechanics have created a unified and comprehensive view of natural phenomena that may appear outwardly unconnected, such as the fall of an apple from a branch of a tree or the rotation of the moon around the earth. Kepler's laws of planetary motion, or the speed that a rocket must reach in order to break free from the Earth's gravitational field (escape velocity), can be mathematically inferred from Newton's general law of gravity. This idea that reaching universal laws that can describe cosmic phenomena in their various forms is possible contributed to the emergence of classical mechanics as an important element in the scientific revolution.
Newton's laws of motion
