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John Philoponus' critique of the principles of Aristotelian physics served as an inspiration to Galileo Galilei, Galileo was widely cited in his work when he argued that Aristotelian physics was flawed. In the thirteenth century AD, Jean Bredan, a teacher at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Paris, developed the concept of impetus. It was a step towards modern ideas of immobility and momentum.
Scholars of the Islamic era inherited Aristotelian physics from the Greeks and during the Islamic Golden Age they developed it further, especially with an emphasis on observation and preconceived thinking, and the development of early forms of the scientific method.
The most notable innovations were in the field of optics and vision, which came from the works of many scholars such as Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Pharisi and Avicenna. The most notable work was the Book of Optics, written by Ibn al-Haytham, in which he categorically refuted the ancient Greek idea of vision, but also came up with a new theory. In the book, he provides an examination of the phenomenon of the camera obscura (a thousand-year-old version of the pinhole camera) and delves deeper into the way the eye itself functions. Using anatomy and the knowledge of previous scientists, he was able to begin explaining how light enters the eye. He asserted that the rays of light are focused, but an actual explanation of how the light projected onto the back of the eye was waiting until 1604. His thesis was made clear by the light of a camera obscura, hundreds of years before the recent development of photography.
The seven-volume Book of Optics has greatly influenced thinking across disciplines from visual perception theory to the nature of perspective in medieval art, in both East and West, for more than 600 years. Several later European scientists and his colleagues were polymers, from Robert Grossetti and Leonardo Da Vinci to René Descartes, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton, in his debts. In fact, the Ibn Al Haytham Effect for Optics ranks alongside the Newton Effect of the same title, which was published 700 years later.
The translation of the Book of Optics had a major impact on Europe. From this, European scientists later were able to build devices that replicated those created by Ibn al-Haytham, and understood the way light worked. From this, important things such as glasses, magnifying glasses, telescopes, and cameras were developed.
Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered the laws of physics.
Major developments in this period include the replacement of the geocentric model of the solar system by the Copernican model of the solar system, laws governing the movement of planetary bodies defined by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, in the field of telescopes and observational astronomy by Galileo Galilei in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the discovery of Isaac Newton and the unification of the universal laws of motion and gravity that will bear his name.
General articles - 01EN1
HOME SITE
Additional quick information to the content of the current page
John Philoponus' critique of the principles of Aristotelian physics served as an inspiration to Galileo Galilei, Galileo was widely cited in his work when he argued that Aristotelian physics was flawed. In the thirteenth century AD, Jean Bredan, a teacher at the Faculty of Arts at the University of Paris, developed the concept of impetus. It was a step towards modern ideas of immobility and momentum.
Scholars of the Islamic era inherited Aristotelian physics from the Greeks and during the Islamic Golden Age they developed it further, especially with an emphasis on observation and preconceived thinking, and the development of early forms of the scientific method.
The most notable innovations were in the field of optics and vision, which came from the works of many scholars such as Ibn Sahl, Al-Kindi, Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Pharisi and Avicenna. The most notable work was the Book of Optics, written by Ibn al-Haytham, in which he categorically refuted the ancient Greek idea of vision, but also came up with a new theory. In the book, he provides an examination of the phenomenon of the camera obscura (a thousand-year-old version of the pinhole camera) and delves deeper into the way the eye itself functions. Using anatomy and the knowledge of previous scientists, he was able to begin explaining how light enters the eye. He asserted that the rays of light are focused, but an actual explanation of how the light projected onto the back of the eye was waiting until 1604. His thesis was made clear by the light of a camera obscura, hundreds of years before the recent development of photography.
The seven-volume Book of Optics has greatly influenced thinking across disciplines from visual perception theory to the nature of perspective in medieval art, in both East and West, for more than 600 years. Several later European scientists and his colleagues were polymers, from Robert Grossetti and Leonardo Da Vinci to René Descartes, Johannes Kepler and Isaac Newton, in his debts. In fact, the Ibn Al Haytham Effect for Optics ranks alongside the Newton Effect of the same title, which was published 700 years later.
The translation of the Book of Optics had a major impact on Europe. From this, European scientists later were able to build devices that replicated those created by Ibn al-Haytham, and understood the way light worked. From this, important things such as glasses, magnifying glasses, telescopes, and cameras were developed.
Physics became a separate science when early modern Europeans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered the laws of physics.
Major developments in this period include the replacement of the geocentric model of the solar system by the Copernican model of the solar system, laws governing the movement of planetary bodies defined by Johannes Kepler between 1609 and 1619, in the field of telescopes and observational astronomy by Galileo Galilei in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and the discovery of Isaac Newton and the unification of the universal laws of motion and gravity that will bear his name.
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