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Nsogbu nke ọrịa ọbara mgbali na ọrịa na-agbasa
Ọbara mgbali elu bụ ihe kachasị egbochi igbochi nsogbu iji zere ọnwụ ọnwụ n’uwa niile. Ọrịa obi na-arịa ọrịa obi, ọrịa strok, ọrịa vaskụla na ọrịa ndị ọzọ gbasara obi na obi ike obi, akwara aortic ma gbasaa atherosclerosis nke eriri akpa ume. Ọbara mgbali bụkwa ihe butere nsogbu maka ụche nghọta, mgbaka na ọrịa akụrụ na-adịghị ala ala. Nsogbu ndị ọzọ gụnyere retinopathy na nephropathy.
N'afọ 2000, ihe ruru otu ijeri mmadụ, ma ọ bụ ihe dịka 26% nke ndị okenye toro eto, na-arịa ọbara mgbali elu. Ọ na-adịkarị na mba abụọ mepere emepe (nde 333) na mba ndị na-emepe emepe (nde 639). Agbanyeghị, ọnụego dịgasị iche iche na mpaghara dị iche iche, ebe ha na-agbadata larịị nke 3.4% n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na 6.8% n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime ime obodo India, wee rịa elu ruo 68.9% n'etiti ụmụ nwoke na 72.5% n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị nọ na Poland. Na 2013, 30-45% nke ndị okenye Europe nwere ọbara mgbali elu.
Na 1995, e mere atụmatụ na nde mmadụ 43 nwere ọbara mgbali elu ma ọ bụ na-a medicationụ ọgwụ iji lụso ya ọgụ. Nọmba a na-anọchite anya ihe ruru 24% nke ndị tozuru etozu na United States. Ọnọdụ ọbara mgbali elu na United States mụbara site na 29% na 2004. Na 2006, e nwere ngụkọta nke nde 76 ndị okenye (34% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ) nke ọbara mgbali elu na United States, na ndị isi ojii ojii America nwere otu n'ime ndị kachasị elu Ọnụọgụ ọbara mgbali elu dị n'ụwa 44%. Ọrịa a na-ahụkarị ndị isi ojii America, Filipinz na ndị Amaala America, ọ na-adịkarịghị na ndị ọcha na ndị Mexico America. Ọnụego na-abawanye na afọ, na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ United States. Ọbara mgbali elu na-adịkarị na ụmụ nwoke ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị (na-arịba ama na mụọ nwoke na-ebelata ọdịiche a), ọ na-abụkarịkwa nke ndị ọnọdụ ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ala dị ala.
Njupụta nke ọbara mgbali na ụmụaka Nghọta nke oge a banyere usoro obi malitere site na ọrụ nke dibia William Harvey (1578-1657) onye kọwapụtara usoro mgbasa ọbara na akwụkwọ De otu ordis ("On the Movement of the Heart and Blood"). Mbido ọbara mgbali mbụ e bipụtara na 1733 site n'aka onye ụkọchukwu England bụ Stephen Hiles. Nkọwa banyere ọbara mgbali elu dị ka ọrịa bụ nke Thomas Young chọpụtara na 1808 na Richard Bright na 1836. Frederick Akbar Muhammad (1849-1884) dere akụkọ izizi banyere ọbara mgbali elu n’ahụ mmadụ n’enweghị ihe akaebe banyere ọrịa akụrụ. Ka o sina dị, ọbara mgbali elu dị ka ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa malitere na 1896 site na nchọpụta nke Sipione Riva-Roque ọbara mgbali na 1896. Nchọpụta a mere ka enwere tụọ ọbara mgbali n'ụlọọgwụ. Na 1905, Nikolai Korotkov mere ka usoro a dịkwuo mma site na ịkọwa ụda Korotkov nke a nụrụ mgbe a na-eji stethoscope akwara akwara mgbe a napụrụ ihe mgbochi ọbara na ikuku site na ogwe aka.
N'oge gara aga, ọgwụgwọ maka ọrịa a na-akpọ "solid pulse disease" gụnyere mbenata oke ọbara site na phlebotomy (liquefaction) ma ọ bụ iji leeches. Yellow Emperor (Emperor nke China), Aulus Cornelius Celsus, Galen, na Hippocrates kwadoro nrugharị ọbara.
Na narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na nke iri abụọ, tupu ọgwụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma maka ọbara mgbali elu ga-ekwe omume, a na-eji usoro ọgwụgwọ atọ eji ọtụtụ mmetụta dị ukwuu. Methodszọ ndị a gụnyere:
Kpochapu sodium kpamkpam (dika nri osikapa)
Sympathectomy (iwepụ nkewa nke akụkụ ọmịiko ọmịiko)
Usoro ọgwụgwọ na-ekpo ọkụ (injecting bekee nke na-ebute oke okpomọkụ, ma na-agbadata ọbara mgbali n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi).
Sodium thiocyanate bụ kemịkalụ izizi eji agwọ ọbara mgbali n’afọ ndị 1900, mana o nwere ọtụtụ ọghọm, anaghị ejikwa ya. E mepụtara ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ndị ọzọ mgbe Agha IIwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, nke kacha wee nwee ọfụma bụ tetramethyl ammonium chloride na ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ ya hexamethonium, hydralazine na reserpine (nke sitere na ọgwụ ọgwụ Indian agwọ mgbọrọgwụ. E mekwara nnukwu ọganiihu n'ịchọpụta ndị ọrụ ọnụ dịnụ nke ahụ na-anabata nke ọma. Nke mbụ n'ime ndị a bụ). E mepụtara Elements chlorothiazide, klaasị thiazide nke diuretics, sitere na sulfanilamide, nke bụ ọgwụ nje wee dị na 1958. Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, na ndị renin inhibitors pụtara n'usoro.
Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọbara mgbali elu na ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na-aba ụba. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ọbara mgbali elu dị na ụmụaka, karịsịa tupu ha eruo afọ iri na ụma, bụ ndị nke abụọ ma na-ebute n'ihi nsogbu na-apụtaghị ìhè. Ewezuga oke ibu, ọrịa akụrụ bụ ihe kachasị akpata (60-70%) nke ọbara mgbali elu nke ụmụaka. Ọ bụ ezie na ọbara mgbali elu bụ nke kachasị nke ikpe ndị ọzọ.
Healthtù Ahụ Ike Worldwa achọpụtawo ọbara mgbali elu, ma ọ bụ ọbara mgbali elu, dị ka ihe kasị akpata ọnwụ nke obi. The World Hypertension Association (WHL) - nzukọ nke gụnyere n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ 85 mba mkpakọrịta na mkpakọrịta - na-ekweta na ihe karịrị 50% nke ndị nwere ọbara mgbali elu gburugburu ụwa amaghị na ha nwere ya. Iji lebara nsogbu a anya, Hytù World Hypertension Association malitere mkpọsa mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ banyere ọbara mgbali elu na 2005, wee guzobe Mee 17 nke afọ ọ bụla dị ka World Hypertension Day (WHD). N'ime afọ atọ sochirinụ, nsonye nke obodo dị iche iche mụbara na International Day of Hypertension na ọrụ ha gosipụtara site na imepụta ụzọ na-ezigara ọha mmadụ ozi ahụ. N’afọ 2007, ndị mba ofesi dị iri anọ na asaa sonyere na World Day Hypertension. N’izu akara ụbọchị ahụ, mba ndị a niile na ndị gọọmentị mba na obodo ndị ọkachamara emekọrịta ihe.
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