How to Make Slow Cooker Pork Recipes the Easy Way
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You can now get apps, books, and software in other languages, in the following languages:
Shinikizo la damu ni hatari kubwa inayozuilika ya kuzuia kifo cha mapema ulimwenguni. Ugonjwa wa moyo, viharusi, ugonjwa wa mishipa ya pembeni na magonjwa mengine ya moyo na mishipa pamoja na kutofaulu kwa moyo, aneurysms ya aortic, na atherosclerosis ya kueneza ya valve ya mapafu. Shinikizo la damu pia ni sababu ya hatari kwa upungufu wa utambuzi, shida ya akili na ugonjwa sugu wa figo. Shida zingine ni pamoja na ugonjwa wa akili na nephropathy.Katika mwaka 2000, karibu watu bilioni moja, au takriban 26% ya watu wazima, wanakabiliwa na shinikizo la damu. Ni kawaida katika nchi zilizoendelea (milioni 333) na nchi ambazo hazijaendelea (milioni 639). Walakini, viwango vinatofautiana sana katika mikoa tofauti, kwani hushuka hadi kiwango cha 3.4% kati ya wanaume na 6.8% kati ya wanawake katika maeneo ya vijijini India, na kuongezeka hadi 68.9% kati ya wanaume na 72.5% kati ya wanawake huko Poland. Mnamo 2013, 30-45% ya watu wazima wa Uropa walikuwa na shinikizo la damu.
Mnamo 1995, watu wanaokadiriwa kuwa milioni 43 waligunduliwa na shinikizo la damu au wakitumia dawa kupambana nayo. Nambari hii inawakilisha karibu 24% ya idadi ya watu wazima nchini Merika. Matukio ya shinikizo la damu nchini Merika yaliongezeka kwa 29% mnamo 2004. Mnamo 2006, kulikuwa na jumla ya watu wazima milioni 76 (34% ya jumla ya idadi ya watu) wa shinikizo la damu nchini Merika, na watu wazima wa Amerika weusi walikuwa na moja ya juu zaidi. Viwango vya shinikizo la damu ulimwenguni ni 44%. Ugonjwa huu ni kawaida kwa Wamarekani weusi, Wafilipino na Wamarekani wa Amerika, na sio kawaida kwa wazungu na Wamarekani wa Mexico. Viwango vinaongezeka kwa umri, na kilele katika kusini mashariki mwa Merika. Shinikizo la damu ni la kawaida kwa wanaume ikilinganishwa na wanawake (akibainisha kuwa kukoma kwa hedhi hupunguza tofauti hii), na kawaida zaidi kwa zile za hali ya chini ya uchumi.
Kuenea kwa shinikizo la damu kwa watoto Uelewa wa kisasa wa mfumo wa moyo na mishipa ulianza na kazi ya daktari William Harvey (1578-1657) ambaye alielezea mfumo wa mzunguko wa damu katika kitabu chake De otu ordis ("On the Movement of the Heart and Blood"). Kipimo cha kwanza cha shinikizo la damu kilichapishwa mnamo 1733 na kiongozi wa Kiingereza Stephen Hiles. Maelezo ya shinikizo la damu kama ugonjwa yaligunduliwa na Thomas Young mnamo 1808 na Richard Bright mnamo 1836. Ripoti ya kwanza juu ya shinikizo la damu kwa mtu asiye na ushahidi wa ugonjwa wa figo iliandaliwa na Frederick Akbar Muhammad (1849-1884). Walakini, shinikizo la damu kama ugonjwa wa kliniki lilianza kutokea mnamo 1896 na uvumbuzi wa mfuatiliaji wa shinikizo la damu la Sipione Riva-Roque mnamo 1896. Uvumbuzi huu uliruhusu shinikizo la damu kupimwa katika kliniki. Mnamo mwaka wa 1905, Nikolai Korotkov aliboresha mbinu hiyo kwa kuelezea sauti za Korotkov ambazo zilisikika wakati ateri iliposikilizwa na stethoscope wakati mita ya shinikizo la damu ilipomwagika kutoka hewani ikiwa imeambatanishwa na mkono.
Hapo zamani, matibabu ya kile kinachoitwa "ugonjwa mkali wa kunde" ulihusisha kupunguza kiwango cha damu na phlebotomy (liquefaction) au matumizi ya leeches. Mfalme wa Njano (Mfalme wa China), Aulus Cornelius Celsus, Galen, na Hippocrates waliunga mkono mtiririko wa damu.
Katika karne ya kumi na tisa na ishirini, kabla tiba ya dawa inayofaa ya shinikizo la damu iwezekane, njia tatu za matibabu zilitumika na athari nyingi sana. Njia hizi ni pamoja na:
Ondoa sodiamu kabisa (kwa mfano lishe ya mchele)
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